名詞性從句中wh-疑問詞和融合關系詞的功能

不同語法書對于名詞性從句關聯詞的總結各不相同，自己匯總了下，望老師指點！

wh-疑問詞：what，which，who，whom，whose, whatever, whomever, whoever, whichever, when, where, why, how

融合關系詞：what, who, whoever, whatever, whichever, whomever, whosever, when, where, whenever, wherever, however

如此分對不對？有以下幾個問題請老師指點！

1.whatever, whomever, whoever, whichever可否劃為wh-疑問詞的話? 可否理解為what, whom，who，which的語氣加大。比如：

I dont know whoever said that.

I dont know whomever you voted for.

I dont know whatever it is.

I dont know whichever you like.



2.what, which, whose都可以引導主賓表同從句，在從句中作主賓表定？下面這類句子對不對？



Whatcausedthefailureisnotclearatthemoment.（作主語）

What she did after that is not clear to us. （作賓語）

What elements are is known to the students. （作表語）

What motive he could have had is not quite clear to us. （作定語）

第4個what motive這里的what應該叫連接形容詞？



Which is the best of all those ways is uncertain.（做主語）

Which design is the best must be tried in practice.（作定語）

Which you like best is not clear to us.（賓語）

Which is yours is not clear to us. （表語）

Whose fault it is is quite clear now.

I wondered whose the coat was.

Whose is best is unknown.

Whose the coat belongs to is unknown.

前兩個whose與后兩個whose的詞性感覺不同，還是后兩個whose后省略了名詞？
以上例句均是主語從句，在表賓同中同樣可以作這類成分？



3. who可否從融合關系詞中擇出來？

曹老師前面帖子中提到who在現代英語中已不做融合關系詞，只應用于一些固定諺語中。比如：Who laughs last laughs best。但不少語法書依舊歸為融合關系詞。



4.whenever，wherever可以引導名詞性從句，極少見到。有的語法書上把whosever，however也劃歸為融合關系詞，但沒任何例句。麻煩老師舉例講解下！



5.融合關系詞是只包含融合關系代詞，融合關系副詞兩種，還是加上融合關系形容詞三種？

Whatever result we get must be checked. 感覺whatever在這里應該是形容詞。

1 你對wh-疑問詞和wh-融合型關系詞的分類是正確的。

2 作為疑問詞，wh-ever=wh-詞，但多了表示surprise或anger這一層感情色彩。比如：

I dont know whatever we can learn from this 14-year-old girl. 到底能學到什么。

3 what, which, whose既能夠是疑問代詞，也可以是疑問限定詞。前者直接作主、賓、表語，后者修飾名詞，名詞作主、賓、表語。既然你已經有了限定詞的定義，就不要再稱名詞前的疑問詞為形容詞，而應改依據現代語法改稱為疑問限定詞。不然在你的講解體系中就不要用限定詞這一術語。作為限定詞，which，whose為特指意義，what一般表示泛指意義。

你的這類例句都是正確的。

4 who作為融合型關系代詞在現代英語中極少用，但閱讀中常常會遇見早期英語作品中who作融合型關系代詞的句子。所以語法書將who包含子融合型關系代詞中解說，便于讀者閱讀。但自己寫作中要用whoever，而不是who作為融合型關系代詞。

5 融合型關系詞包含融合型關系代詞，融合型關系副詞，和融合型關系限定詞。whatever，whichever，whosever都可用作融合型關系限定詞。比如：Take whichever book you like.

6 however, wherever, however作為融合型關系副詞引導名詞性從句的例句：

I will accept however you do it.

= I will accept any way in which you do it.

It can be wherever the weather is warm and wet.

= It can be any place where the weather is warm and wet.

I will wear whosever gloves are my size.

= I will wear anyones gloves that are my size.

這三個詞引導名詞性關系分句極少見到，一般知道即可，不必細究。