請(qǐng)說(shuō)明下列三句英語(yǔ)的不同及在no后接名詞時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)的使用方法。

I have no brother.

I have no brothers.

I have not a brother.

have no brother 及 have no brothers 請(qǐng)說(shuō)明下列三句英語(yǔ)的不同及在no后接名詞時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)的使用方法。 I have no brother. I have no brothers. I have not a brother.



【解答】 在no后接不可數(shù)的事物時(shí),是用單數(shù), 如： I haveno water。所以但凡不可數(shù)的名詞,一概都用單數(shù)。成為問(wèn)題的是那些可數(shù)的名詞,如問(wèn)句中提出 other之類。

在“no+名詞”而成為動(dòng)詞have的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),也有種種不一樣的情形,現(xiàn)分別加以說(shuō)明如下。

比如一把茶壺普通只有一個(gè)壸蓋,在這種情形下,說(shuō)這茶壺沒(méi)壺蓋”時(shí),當(dāng)然是以用單數(shù)為原則:

This teapot has no lid. 同此類的,都用單數(shù),如:

That cat has no tail. He has no father.

普通一個(gè)人只帶一只手表，外出只帶一架照相機(jī)

I have no watch. He has no camera

至于樹(shù)上的葉子勢(shì)必是不少的，飛螞蟻的翼翅勢(shì)必是成雙的，人的牙齒也有三十個(gè)以上，所以當(dāng)然都要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞:

That tree has no leaves. The ant has no wings.

My grandmother has no teeth.

說(shuō)到 brother如此的名詞，就非常難講了，由于有人只有一個(gè)哥哥或一個(gè)弟弟，有人則有好幾個(gè)兄弟，實(shí)在沒(méi)肯定，所以問(wèn)句中的例 既能夠說(shuō)，例也可以說(shuō)，沒(méi)一點(diǎn)什么不一樣。

把no后接的名詞，用作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，全在說(shuō)話者當(dāng)時(shí)的感觸，假如他感覺(jué)他們只有一個(gè)兄弟他就用單數(shù)名詞；假如他感覺(jué)他們可能兄弟不少他就用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。二者并沒(méi)區(qū)別，只不過(guò)反映說(shuō)話者的意識(shí)而已。再舉同樣情形的比如下:

She has no child .

I have no sister .

We have no egg left.

至于及 I have no brother與 I have not a brother兩句，意思是有的不一樣的。或句只不過(guò)說(shuō)“我無(wú)兄弟”,而句則語(yǔ)氣要強(qiáng)得多,可譯成“我連一個(gè)兄弟也沒(méi)”。

There is no man who can do it.

There is not a man who can do it.

I have no book.

I have not a book.

There was no egg in the nest.

There was not an egg in the nest.

假如不是用在動(dòng)詞have之后，或由 there is開(kāi)頭的句中而是用于be動(dòng)詞的場(chǎng)所,意思又不同了。

He is not a teacher.意為“他不是教書(shū)的”，他可能是公務(wù)員，也會(huì)是商人等等。

He is no teacher意為“他不是一個(gè)好教師，他教書(shū)簡(jiǎn)直不成。這句比上句意思強(qiáng)得多。

He is not a poet.

He is no poet.

He is not a fool:

He is no tool.

It is not a joke.

It is no joke.

He is not a scholar.

He is no scholar.

I am not a coward.

I am no coward.

在 there is之后,“no+名詞”的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，和在動(dòng)詞have后的情形一樣,可單可復(fù),比如:

There is no stove in my room.因一間房屋中一般只裝個(gè)爐子,所以用單數(shù)。

There are no books on the shelf.因書(shū)架上一般要放很多本書(shū),故用復(fù)數(shù)。

假如那名詞的數(shù),一般可單可復(fù),則說(shuō):

There is no bottle on the table. 或

There are no bottles on the table皆可。

在have以外的動(dòng)詞，也可照此原則辦理，比如:

I saw no dog.

He wears no tie.

She wears no earrings.



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