如何高效率的自學(xué)外語?

This report and other recent studies show that online learning, distance learning, and self-learning in general, are not only more convenient, but, in fact, more effective than the classroom, for high school, college and adult learners. In the last decade, the Internet, the MP3 player, the iPhone, and other mobile devices,as well as social networking sites, language exchange communities, online learning systems, university courses online and more, have changed how we deal with knowledge. The walls of academia, and the costs of learning, are crumbling before our eyes and ears.


本篇報(bào)道和其他近期研究都顯示普遍而言，網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程、遠(yuǎn)程教育和自學(xué)比起傳統(tǒng)高中、大學(xué)和成人教育模式等，不僅更加方便、而且效率更高。在過去的十年當(dāng)中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、mp3隨身聽、iPhone、其他便攜式設(shè)備以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)、網(wǎng)上教育課程、高校網(wǎng)絡(luò)教程等等都改變了我們學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的方式。高等教育的圍墻、大筆的學(xué)費(fèi)都在我們眼前崩塌。

For those who are conditioned to think that learning only happens in a classroom, the world of self-learning can be a little daunting. How do we best take advantage these new opportunities.


對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)只能在教室中進(jìn)行的人而言，自學(xué)可能會(huì)嚇怕他們。那么我們?cè)趺床拍茏詈玫睦�用自學(xué)這種新興的學(xué)習(xí)方法呢？下面以自學(xué)外語為例，為大家介紹一些小訣竅。

1. Get interested


第一步：對(duì)所學(xué)之物感興趣

Make no mistake. Your interest in the subject is the essential driver of success. You can't learn what you do not want to learn. Emotion is an important part of the learning process. If you are even moderately interested in a subject, give yourself a chance. The key is to get started. If you can create some pleasurable routines, you may find that the subject grows on you. “L’appetit vient en mangeant” (the appetite comes with eating) as they say in French.


可別搞錯(cuò)了，興趣是成功學(xué)成某件事的根本要素！你不想學(xué)的東西當(dāng)然學(xué)不會(huì)。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中保持熱情至關(guān)重要。所以如果你對(duì)某件事有些興趣，那就給自己一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。關(guān)鍵是要“開始”！（滬江小編：就像某廣告說的那樣，just do it!）如果你能創(chuàng)造一些讓自己開心的學(xué)習(xí)模式，那么就能好好開始學(xué)習(xí)這門科目。就像他們?cè)诜ㄕZ里說的那樣：吃著吃著就有胃口了！

2. Expect problems and you won’t be disappointed.


第二布：降低期望值，這樣就不會(huì)對(duì)自己失望


Don't expect to understand things, much less remember them, the first time you study them. Trust that things will get clearer as your brain comes to grips with new information. It is like a jig-saw puzzle or a cross-word puzzle. As you start to put the pieces together, or string the words together, the full picture becomes clearer. The brain learns all the time, but on its own schedule. Learning does not take place according to a schedule laid down by a curriculum or teacher. Some things are easier to learn than others. Some things just take longer to click in. Keep at it, and you will gradually find that things that seem difficult at first, will become second nature with time.


當(dāng)一開始學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，別指望能一下就全部理解、更別說記住所有知識(shí)點(diǎn)了。要相信，隨著你了解越來越多的新知識(shí)、你的頭腦也會(huì)變得清晰起來。這就像是拼圖、或者填字游戲那樣：當(dāng)你把圖形一個(gè)一個(gè)拼起來、或是把單詞一一填進(jìn)去，整個(gè)大局就會(huì)清楚。大腦其實(shí)隨時(shí)都在學(xué)習(xí)，不過它也有自己的節(jié)奏。學(xué)習(xí)的過程是不會(huì)按照一個(gè)課程、或是老師給你規(guī)定的進(jìn)行的。有的東西比其他好學(xué)，有的東西就是需要花更多時(shí)間。堅(jiān)持下去，你慢慢就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些一開始看上去很難的東西也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間變得簡單了。

3. Cover the same ground from different angles.


第三步：從不同的角度學(xué)習(xí)同一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

Your brain is struggling to form patterns to cope with new input from your learning activities. Sometimes, no matter how long you focus on one subject, your brain is not going to pick it up. If you are stuck, move on. Then cover the same general information from a different source, a different book, or a podcast, or an online lecture or a video. Try to become a grazing learner, roaming the countryside, rather than a feedlot learner, just standing there in one spot, munching on the same bale of hay. The broader your base, the easier it is to learn. Just as the “rich get richer”, the more you know, the more you can learn.


在新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中，你的大腦會(huì)通過固有模式來接受新的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。有的時(shí)候，不管花多長時(shí)間對(duì)著一個(gè)科目，你就是記不住它。如果卡在這種時(shí)候，就略過它。跟著從其他的信息來源：比如不同的書籍、播客、線上課程或視頻來重新學(xué)習(xí)同一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。試著把自己變成一個(gè)“放養(yǎng)”的學(xué)習(xí)者——在知識(shí)的草原上四處周游；而不是“圈養(yǎng)”的學(xué)習(xí)者——只站在一個(gè)點(diǎn)上學(xué)習(xí)，反復(fù)咀嚼一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。看地越廣、就能學(xué)的輕松。就像是“有錢的更有錢”的道理那樣，你知道的越多、就能學(xué)的越多。


4. Anytime is learning time.


第四步：隨時(shí)都是學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間！

Take full advantage of the Internet, iTunes, and various mobile devices, not to mention good old-fashioned books and magazines. Learn during “dead time”. Listen in your car, on the train, or while jogging. Have your learning with you while waiting in the doctor's office, or listen while checking out at the supermarket. Anytime is learning time. Remember, you are learning through exposure, not by nailing things down. It is more like moisture accumulation in a cloud, rather than building a brick wall.


一定要好好利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、iTunes和其他多種移動(dòng)便攜設(shè)備，更不用說書籍和雜志這樣的傳統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)資源啦!把那些“死時(shí)間”也都利用起來：開車、坐火車、或者慢跑時(shí)都可以聽課。在醫(yī)院排隊(duì)、或是超市等結(jié)賬的時(shí)候你有沒有在聽課呢？其實(shí)隨時(shí)都可以是學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。記住，你要與學(xué)習(xí)材料耳鬢廝磨來學(xué)習(xí)，而不是痛苦地一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)去啃材料。這個(gè)過程更像是一朵云的形成，是水汽的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)累計(jì)；而不像砌一面墻那樣，把磚堆上去就好。

5. Be a multimedia learner.


第五步：做一個(gè)多媒體學(xué)習(xí)者

The more varied your learning content, and the more varied the ways in which you learn, the clearer the puzzle will become. Different learning activities suit different people, at different times of the day. Vary your activities in order to keep your interest level up. Even if listening and reading work best for you, treat yourself to the odd video lecture, or get-together with other learners. This will renew your batteries.


你學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容越多、來源越多，你就會(huì)對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)越清楚。不同的人適合不同的學(xué)習(xí)方法，每天的學(xué)習(xí)“興奮點(diǎn)”也不錯(cuò)。所以最好能找到自己的一套學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律來保持自己的“興奮度”。即便聽和讀是你習(xí)慣的學(xué)習(xí)方式，也要讓自己試著去聽聽看視頻的演講、或是跟其他學(xué)習(xí)者交流。這會(huì)讓你重新充滿精力！

6. Join learning communities.


第六步：加入學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)

The “loneliness of the distance learner” is a thing of the past. Join a learning community on the web, where members share their knowledge and experience. Search for the communities that suit your interests and learning style. You will find encouragement, advice and stimulus from fellow learners, as well as from tutors, teachers and coaches. In these communities, you can measure your progress against your own goals, or compare your experience with that of other learners. You can even teach and help others, which is a great way to learn.


“遠(yuǎn)程教育是孤獨(dú)的”概念已經(jīng)成為過去。現(xiàn)在你可以加入一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)，和大家一起分享知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)。找一個(gè)符合你興趣和學(xué)習(xí)方式的社區(qū)。在那里你可以從其他學(xué)習(xí)者身上找到鼓勵(lì)、建議和動(dòng)力，同時(shí)也有導(dǎo)師、老師和教練給你提供支持。在這些社區(qū)中，你能更好地檢驗(yàn)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度、也可以和其他學(xué)習(xí)者競爭。甚至，你還可以教授或幫助其他人，這的確是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的好方法！